HP 9000 T500, T520, T600 and 890 Servers

Quick Facts
Introduced	1993, 95, 97
Period	Maturity (III)
Series	Mainframe
CPU	1-4 PCX 32-bit 1-12 PA-7100 32-bit 1-14 PA-7150 32-bit 1-12 PA-8000 64-bit 60-180 MHz
Caches	2-4 MB L1 (+ L2)
RAM	2-3.75 GB
Design	Viper
Drives	external
Expansion	VSC HP-PB HSC
I/O	SCSI Console

System
Expansion
Ports
Operating systems
Performance
Dimensions
Documentation

HP 9000 T-Class were highend mainframe-like PA-RISC servers from the early 1990s. HP marketed T-Class servers as Corporate Business Servers that were the most capable and expandable UNIX-based systems with high-end performance scalability to meet growing business needs. Designed for business Unix applications and the corporate processing market of the 1990s, T-Class had massive expansion options for Unix servers of the time with I/O and communications cards.

They were very expensive products of the HP 9000 800 server range, with a six-figure price tag in the early 1990s between $140,000 to over $600,000 for large Unix servers.

890, T500 and T520 used 32-bit PA-RISC processors while later T600 moved on to 64-bit PA-RISC 2.0. T500, T520, T600 and 890 servers share a similar PA-RISC system architecture with differences in specific processors and options. The main system backplane has sixteen slots, eight of which can be used for memory or processor boards and the other eight for I/O boards and converters. These boards plug into the main system VSC bus.

HP 9000 890 were an earlier iteration T-Class architecture, based on 1980s HP 9000 870 servers with PA-RISC 1.0 PCX CPUs. Later T500 and T600 servers were updated designs and used newer HP system chipset, PA-RISC technology and hardware.

After the 64-bit T600, HP discontinued the T-Class mainframe design in favor of Exemplar systems and more flexible Cell-based Superdome systems. Apparently HP 9000 890 and T500 servers were board-upgradable to T520, with another board-upgrade path to PA-8000 processors as well.

HP 9000 890 were introduced in 1992
for $340,000
HP 9000 T500, HP 9000 891 were introduced in 1993
for $165,000 (uni) and $660,000 12-way
HP 9000 T520, HP 9000 892 were introduced in 1995
for $145,000 (uni) and $520,000 14-way
HP 9000 T600, HP 9000 893 were introduced in 1997
for $95,000 (uni)

In 1996 and 1997, HP was the worldwide leader in technical Unix server shipments and revenue, according to IDC. In the first half of 1998, HP defended that position, with more than 1,000 V-Class and 5,000 (!) T-Class servers shipped.

System

Processors

HP 9000 890 processors are probably PCX, some sources indicate PA-7000.
All off-chip caches are generally pretty large, especially on HP 9000 890.
HP 9000 T600 is apparently the only PA-8000 system with L2 cache.
System	CPU	Speed	L1 cache	L2 cache
HP 9000 890	1-4 PCX PA-RISC 32-bit	60 MHz	4 MB off-chip
HP 9000 T500	1-12 PA-7100 PA-RISC 32-bit	90 MHz	2 MB off-chip
HP 9000 T520	1-14 PA-7150 PA-RISC 32-bit	120 MHz	2 MB off-chip
HP 9000 T600	1-12 PA-8000 PA-RISC 64-bit	180 MHz	2 MB off-chip	8 MB off-chip L2

Architecture

HP 9000 890 and T-Class have slighly different PA-RISC architecture but are similar in that they are configured based on different processors and CPU cards. Separate processor cards attach processors and support chips to main system bus. There are slots for processors, memory and I/O cards.

HP 9000 890

Processor cards contain eight VLSI CMOS chips with the main processor and cache chips
1. PCX PA-RISC 1.0 processor
2. Cache chips ICMUX, DCMUX0 and DCMUX1 for 2 MB Instruction and 2 MB Data cache, ECC
3. Floating point processor FPC, MUL and ADD
4. Viper system bus VSC interface
Up to four processor cards per system

HP 9000 T500, T520 and T600

Processor cards contain each up to two processor modules with the actual CPUs
Up to six cards in T500/T600 or seven in T520 per system
Processor card chips:
1. Two Viper system bus VSC interface
2. Bus support chips
3. T600 4 MB L2 I cache and 4 MB L2 D cache, each two modules
Processor module chips:
1. T520/T500 PA-7100 PA-RISC 1.1 processor
2. T600 PA-8000 PA-RISC 1.1 processor
3. 1 MB L1 I cache
4. 1 MB L1 D cache

Chipset

Chipsets in T-Class and 890 depends on I/O cards and ordered options.

HP Viper processor to system bus interface, integrated on processor cards
HP-PB to VSC bus converter, integrated on the HP-PB interface cards
Common HP-PB plug-in cards:
- Fast/Wide SCSI
- MUX
- LAN/console
- HP-FL fiber link interface
T600 HP-HSC I/O Bus Converter
Service processor, controls all hardware and power of the system, integrated into a single-board located in the main cardcage

System buses

PBus processor/memory bus, 60 MHz, 32-bit data path between single CPUs and their Viper main bus interfaces, that means one PBus per processor card on 890 servers, two PBuses per card on all others, 240 MB/s each
VSC central system bus, 60 MHz clock
- 890: 32-bit wide with 240 MB/s data rate
- T500/T520: 64-bit wide with 480 MB/s data rate
- T600: 128-bit wide with 960 MB/s data rate
PBus and VSC are configured for PBus Variant 2 Scalable MP multiprocessing attachment
T600 Runway CPU/memory bus, although not mentioned in documentation
T600 GSC+ expansion bus in HSC variant
HP-PB for up to 168 high-speed HP Precision Bus I/O channels with 1 GB/s throughput
SCSI depends on installed I/O cards

Expansion

Memory

Memory cards, in sizes of 64-768 MB, not all systems support all cards
Up to eight cards in P MB card slots 1-14
Memory attaches to shared VSC system bus, 64-bit data path, and 128-bit data path on T600
Cards operate at VSC bus frequency and have on-card interfaces to VSC bus
890 up to 2 GB main memory
T500/T520 up to 3.75 GB main memory
T600 apparently up to 16 GB main memory

Expansion cards

T600 24 HSC/GSC+ slots, depends on HP-PB slot usage
14 slots for HP-PB cards
Up to 98 additional HP-PB slots can be added through expanion cabinets

Storage

Drives located in external drive bays or racks
T600 Marketed as up to 30TB with RAID arrays, huge amount for the time
T500/T520 up to 20 TB with RAID

Ports

SCSI-2 50-pin single-ended
TP/RJ45 10BaseT 10 Mbit Ethernet
Two serial RS232C DB9, one for console, one for USV
Parallel DB25
Two PS/2 connectors for keyboard und mouse

Operating systems

HP 9000 890

HP-UX 10.20 32-bit (possibly unsupported)
HP-UX 10.00 and HP-UX 10.10, pre-Y2K
HP-UX 9 (9.00, 9.02, 9.04, 9.06), pre-Y2K
Software on HP-UX: Often used for computation and services (middleware, databases)

HP 9000 T-Class

HP-UX 11i v1 in 32-bit or 64-bit mode
- T500, T520 (December 2000-June 2004)
- T600 (December 2000-December 2006)
HP-UX 11.00 in 32-bit or 64-bit mode
HP-UX 10.20 32-bit
HP-UX 10.00 and HP-UX 10.10, pre-Y2K
HP-UX 9, pre-Y2K, unsure
Software on HP-UX: Often used for computation and services (middleware, databases)

Performance

Compared to other RISC and Unix platforms of the 1990s, PA-RISC was a fast architecture with PA-7200 high-performance and PA-8000 strong 64-bit mid-1990s processors.

PA-RISC SPEC scores of HP 9000 computers
System	CPU	SPEC95 rate int/fp
T500	1 PA-7100 90 MHz 2 PA-7100 90 MHz 4 PA-7100 90 MHz 8 PA-7100 90 MHz 12 PA-7100 90 MHz	39.3 508	32.6 219
T520	1 PA-7150 120 MHz 2 PA-7150 120 MHz 4 PA-7150 120 MHz 8 PA-7150 120 MHz 12 PA-7150 120 MHz 14 PA-7150 120 MHz	47.2 93 186 363 531 610	39.2 263
T600	1 PA-8000 180 MHz 2 PA-8000 180 MHz 4 PA-8000 180 MHz 6 PA-8000 180 MHz 8 PA-8000 180 MHz 10 PA-8000 180 MHz 12 PA-8000 180 MHz	106 211 418 617 814 1003 1192	134 263 510 735 915 1043 1151
890	1 PCX 60 MHz 2 PCX 60 MHz 3 PCX 60 MHz 4 PCX 60 MHz	SPEC92 1215 2253 3306 4301	SPEC92 1180 2360 3529 4685

Based on old SPEC95rate archives
System	Processor	SPEC95 rate int/fp
HP V2200	16 PA-8200 200 MHz	1865	2312
DG AViiON AV 20000	16 Pentium Pro 200	1007
Convex SPP1600	32 PA-7200 120 MHz	996	1444
Siemens RM600 720	24 R4400 250 MHz	921
HP 9000 K580	6 PA-8200 240 MHz	902	849
DEC AlphaServer 8400	12 Alpha 21164 300	767	919
Sun Enterprise 4000	12 Sun UltraSPARC 167 MHz	660	887
HP Visualize C3600	1 PA-8600 552 MHz	379	576
HP 9000 D380	2 PA-8000 180 MHz	210	221

Dimensions

Height	Width	Depth	Weight
1620mm	750mm	905mm	360kg

Documentation

Most HP documentation is only available at archive.org and other archives, with most official sources, articles and journals having disappeared in the 2010s.

Manuals

CE Handbook HP 3000 99x Family, HP T-Class Family (URL gone)
Operators Guide T-Class HP 3000 99x Family Systems, HP 9000 Enterprise Servers (1997: Hewlett-Packard, A1809-96019) 3kranger
Installation Guide T-Class HP 3000 99x Family, HP 9000 Systems (1999: Hewlett-Packard, A1809-90001) 3kranger
Operator’s Guide HP 3000 99x Family, HP 9000 T-Class Systems (June 1997: Hewlett-Packard, A1809-90009)

Articles

Corporate Business Servers: An Alternative to Mainframes for Business Computing, Hewlett-Packard Journal June 1994 archive.org
HP 9000 T-Class SMP Server Corporate Business Server, product brief, Hewlett Packard 1995 archive.org
HEWLETT-PACKARD MOVES T-CLASS SERVERS UP TO PA-7150 RISCS, Computer Business Review September 1995
Multiprocessor features of the HP Corporate Business Servers, K. Chan et al., Compcon 93
HP T-Class Corporate Business Servers HP Computer Buyer’s Guide archive.org, Hewlett-Packard Company (1997) archive.org
Implementing HP 9000-890 Platforms: A Case Study, Portland Community College, INTEREX 1993, Paper #4032